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The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology)
Free PDF The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology)
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Review
“[C]hallenges professionals who interact therapeutically, educationally, clinically or even socially with vulnerable populations to share knowledge and work across our specific disciplines, to prevent, identify and treat mental illness.†- Journal of Unified Psychotherapy and Clinical Science“Stephen Porges has been at the forefront of the investigation of the interplay between neurophysiological processes and developmental status.... It is with The Polyvagal Theory that Porges now presents, in a well-delineated and articulated volume, a highly testable set of hypotheses regarding how the human (and more broadly, mammalian) nervous system has evolved to promote affective regulation and social interaction.... I commend Porges on this effort. Substantial research across a significant career has been well considered and integrated into a quite engaging and stimulating model regarding the relationship between the heart and the brain.†- PsycCritiques“[O]ne of the most important books written on the nervous system in the last fifty years. Porges’s ambitious, meticulous, synthetic theory provides a missing link between mind and the nervous system. It also helps explain, in fine detail, how our individual nervous systems influence, and are influenced by, our interactions with others. Suddenly we understand things novelists have described for centuries: how it is that a facial expression, a gesture, a certain tone of voice, can trigger a radical mental reorganization, and lead to engagment, and how our mental and nervous system states shift. Porges’s studies and his theory of the social vagus represents a major advance in human knowledge, and is already improving the practice psychotherapy and mind-body medicine.†- Norman Doidge, MD, author, The Brain That Changes Itself“A truly revolutionary perspective on human nature, Porges challenges current theory, illuminates old findings so that we see them differently, and raises dozens of questions for new scientific research. The reach is broad, the depth astounding.†- Paul Ekman, PhD, Professor Emeritus, University of California at San Francisco, and President & Founder, Paul Ekman Group, LLC“The Polyvagal Theory is at the leading edge of psychosomatic medicine and body-mind therapies. It is a vital contribution to scientifically-informed clinical practice. Psychologists, analysts, physicians, bodyworkers, and educators are provided with an essential map to help guide them in tracking the psychophysiological states of their clients, discern where they are ‘stuck,’ and help them to heal and move forward in life. Dr. Porges’s great contribution is now compiled in this one astounding comprehensive volume. It is a must-read for clinicians and psychobiological researchers.†- Peter A. Levine, PhD, author of In Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness
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About the Author
Stephen W. Porges, PhD, is Distinguished University Scientist at Indiana University, where he directs the Trauma Research Center within the Kinsey Institute. He holds the position of Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina and Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Maryland. He served as president of both the Society for Psychophysiological Research and the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences and is a former recipient of a National Institute of Mental Health Research Scientist Development Award. He has published more than 250 peer-reviewed scientific papers across several disciplines including anaesthesiology, biomedical engineering, critical care medicine, ergonomics, exercise physiology, gerontology, neurology, neuroscience, obstetrics, pediatrics, psychiatry, psychology, psychometrics, space medicine, and substance abuse. In 1994 he proposed the Polyvagal Theory, a theory that links the evolution of the mammalian autonomic nervous system to social behavior and emphasizes the importance of physiological state in the expression of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. The theory is leading to innovative treatments based on insights into the mechanisms mediating symptoms observed in several behavioral, psychiatric, and physical disorders.
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Product details
Series: Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology
Hardcover: 347 pages
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company; 1 edition (April 25, 2011)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780393707007
ISBN-13: 978-0393707007
ASIN: 0393707008
Product Dimensions:
6.5 x 1.4 x 9.6 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.2 out of 5 stars
70 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#23,409 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
I am merely a psychology-degree wielding 24 year old with a natural curiosity for anything that influences behavior. This theory, developed by Steven Porges over 40 years of research, is one of the most comprehensive examinations of the influence of the vagus nerves on the physiological and psychological functioning of humans. The theory hinges on the idea that there are three components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS): the reptilian unmyelinated vagus branch, the sympathetic nervous system, and the myelinated neomammalian vagus branch. These branches, in order, correlate to different behavioral responses. The unmyelinated controls homeostatic functions as well as the "freeze" response. As such it develops first, in utero. The sympathetic nervous system, through the spinal cord, controls fight/flight responses by activating the pituitary-adrenal-hypothalamic axis. Finally, exclusive to mammals is the myelinated vagus which acts primarily to control the heart rate via connections to the sinoatrial node of the heart. These components of the ANS act in phylogenetic order, so the myelinated vagus inhibits functioning of the sympathetic nervous system, which inhibits the unmyelinated vagus.The focal point of Porges' book is that the development of the myelinated vagus, originating in nuclei called the nucleus ambiguus, is crucial to inhibiting the fight/flight/freeze responses in response to environmental stimuli. The assessing of risk in the environment, which he calls neuroception, is regulated unconsciously and the myelinated vagus helps to resist primal behavioral responses. The strength of the myelinated vagus can be measured using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which is an indication of beat-to-beat heart rate variability. When RSA is high, vagal "tone" is high, indicating a strong myelinated vagus. When the RSA is lower, it indicates less vagal "tone" and therefore a weaker myelinated vagus. Humans with low vagal tone are less likely to engage in prosocial behavior because they have less ability to prevent themselves from plunging into fight/flight/freeze behavior when posed with environmental challenges. Porges adds a fourth behavioral adaptation which is "social engagement" (to go along with fight, flight, and freeze responses). In mammals, prosocial engagement is facilitated by high vagal influences on the heart which prevent the individual from entering fight/flight mode. As Porges explains, these vagal influences are strong predictors of positive attachment, healthy social behavior, self-regulation, and even attention span.The implications of this theory are vast, and it opens up a plethora of research topics for the coming generation of psychophysiologists. Hopefully this book can be as enlightening for other readers as it was for me. I just wanted to give a terse overview of the theory, but nothing can replace actually purchasing the book and delving deep into the subject matter. Enjoy.
I love Porges' work, but this meaty text is too academic for my scientifically untrained mind. I would recommend only to those ready for a heady, scientific read. I'd prefer a version for laypeople, like myself.
As a social work student, this resource has been amazing. My main research interests include grief, trauma, and attachment; this book has been a reliable and impressive reference in which to turn. I have used it for many papers and I have also used examples from it in class discussions. I think it should be required reading for any student hoping to enter the social services field.
Stephen Porges provides a phenomenal explanation of the polyvagal theory with examples and accessible language. Theoretical concepts, and especially neurological concepts, are sometimes hard for me to grasp, but he explains it well in this book. I used Polyvagal Theory as the basis for my graduate project and have used his theory to help explain the neurological reasons for therapeutic intervention for children with autism and adults with dementia. I use some of the language, such as "neuroception" that Porges uses to help others understand how important it is to send out "neuroceptive cues" that will help individuals when in crisis, or fight/flight or freeze states, in response to the environment.
Stephen Porges concepts are helping me understand what my brain and heart havedone since birth trauma and attachment days. It is taking me ages to read and I certainly understandonly a small part of it's complexity. It's written for MD's and Neurologists. I think it should also be requiredreading (for basic concepts) for psychologists, anthropologists, and mental health counselors.
The real role of the autonomic nervous system in human functioning has been neglected far too long. Perhaps that is because our culture likes to think everything that is important is subject to the will while the autonomic nervous system is not. But authors like Antonio Damasio and Porges are starting to correct that bias. This book is a compilation of papers, slightly revised, that Porges wrote over the years with graduate students. As such there is some repetition as the polyvagal 'basics' are explained over and over. However, each time, it is explained slightly differently, resulting in a highly nuanced explanation of this crucial concept.Therapists and other clinicians working with movement, body-based, and experiential therapies have long understood that chronic human emotional suffering involved some type of chronic shift of the balance of the autonomic nervous system toward the sympathetic. However, using the old two-part oppositional model of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic versus parasympathetic) was not satisfying. This was in part because some physical manifestations of distress were parasympathetically mediated: asthma, ulcers, enuresis, irritable bowel disease, freezing reactions, etc.. This seemed to overturn the simplistic idea "parasympathetic good, sympathetic bad". But actually the manifestations listed above stem from a 'dorsal vagal' reaction. Now as Porges shows, "ventral vagal good, sympathetic worse, dorsal vagal worst" Now intuition and physiological models are back in line. The intuition of clinicians was always correct, the 'science' had to catch up.The polyvagal theory is practically begging for implications to be drawn about the practical areas of lifestyle, physical exercises, interpersonal relations, social relations, psychotherapy, childrearing, family life etc... Porges manages to resist the temptation, perhaps because he feels a scientist should not go there. As another reviewer writes he does mention listening therapy, but if I am not mistaken, that was developed by Alfred Tomatis The Conscious Ear: My Life of Transformation Through Listening who Porges does not cite or credit, but that is a quibble.
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